But first a little help:

The largest uranium ore Deposit in Greenland is located in the South, in Kwanefjeld (Narssak), it is located at an altitude of 600 m. the Concentration of uranium in the ore is low (0.003%), but its production is profitable. Ore reserves were estimated at 3.5 million tons, it contains at least 16 thousand tons of uranium ore. The location and conditions of occurrence allow open-pit mining, there is a site for the construction of a concentrator. Transportation of its products is also not a problem-the Deposit lies on the shore of a navigable fjord.

Prior to that, the ban (zero tolerance policy) on the extraction of uranium ore was valid for 25 years

However, thanks to the efforts of the Prime Minister of the country, Aleqa Hammond (Aleqa Hammond), representing the social democratic party “Siumut”, it was possible to legislate to lift the ban. Along the way, she invited all interested parties, including from China, to participate in the study of uranium ore deposits. As a result of all the twists and turns, the main stakeholder was a certain mining Australian company GMEL (Greenland Minerals and Energy Limited), which immediately launched a rapid activity in such an attractive direction. Under her leadership, a dialogue was held with various environmental services and local residents who live near the field. The result was natural-Danish environmentalists expressed their sharp disagreement with the plans of GMEL. It was at the beginning of the year.
Nevertheless, Greenland is increasingly feeling the impact of the crisis in the European Union.

Denmark froze the provision of annual subsidies in the amount of 457 million euros, the British mining company suffered a fiasco in the Chinese steel market and also can not continue to invest in the economy of Greenland, because it is essentially bankrupt. As for the Chinese, they are in no hurry to enter the Greenland market of minerals, or rather they are imperceptibly pushed aside. And hopes for the development of unconfirmed oil fields on the East coast of Greenland turned into a complete failure – for the whole year, no oil company in the world is not interested in them.

In parallel, and painfully long, the local population comes to understand a simple fact: one fishing and tourism in the current cold times will not be fed. Even under the threat of global warming.

All this year there has been a debate in Greenland about the possibility of uranium mining. The party of the left “Inuit atakatigiit” (People’s community) strongly opposes the disfigurement of virgin landscapes, but in addition to “gathering” can not offer any other sources of funding to maintain the standard of living of the population. The social democratic party “Siumut” or, as it was dubbed by local media, “Uranium Party”, advocates the beginning of the extraction of such a valuable metal. However, with reservations, they say, everything will be built according to environmental standards. At the moment, the situation is stalemate, both parties received the same number of seats in Parliament. And the decisive vote will be for the five minor parties that have passed into Parliament.

BATTLE OF GREENLAND

But, in General, experts agree that Denmark will give its permission and put, finally, its signature on the agreement to begin the development of mineral deposits in Greenland (and will receive a long-awaited percentage of future production). And while Denmark and Greenland solve the legal nuances, the population of Greenland is going to protest, the Australian company GMEL has already approved as managing Director John Mayer (John Mair) for the uranium mining project in Kwanefjeld. Why not? After all, 16 thousand tons of such a rare metal will never be superfluous. Here and the canadian company “North American Nickel” podsuetilas, which in addition to Nickel and copper is still engaged in the production of platinum group metals, received this year an updated license for exploration in the South-West of Greenland with a total area of 3601 square kilometers, has already managed to get encouraging data from the exploration.

Crisis by crisis, and the division of world resources by the Anglo-Saxons goes on as usual. Without too much fuss. The benefit of Greenland is a democratic country, which means Uranus is also democratic.

The post URANIUM BACK IN THE SPOTLIGHT IN GREENLAND first appeared on Global Policy.

This issue was raised early last year, when Donald trump, citing national security interests, sharply increased duties on imports of steel and aluminum to the United States. Seeing how rapidly began to grow profits of fellow metallurgists, American uranium producers-the company Energy Fuels and Ur-Energy-also demanded trade preferences.

Referring to the us Department of Commerce, they said that “the consumption of own uranium in the us military industry and electricity industry has collapsed from 49 to five percent” and demanded to protect them from competition from Russian state-owned companies.

The study of the situation in the nuclear industry-from uranium mining to its enrichment and use in the defense sector and energy-took experts of the Ministry of trade more than a year. They outlined their findings in a report presented to Donald Trump three months ago. “Now the United States is almost completely dependent on uranium supplies from abroad, with the bulk of their volume falling on Rosatom’s subsidiaries,” the document says.

To remedy the situation, the President proposed to establish a mandatory quota for the use of uranium mined in the US industry-at least 25 percent. Experts noted that Energy Fuels and Ur-Energy’s current production capacity is only 13 percent and nine percent used, respectively, so output could be increased many times over.

Donald Trump, however, refused to impose a quota and ordered the creation of a working group under the President, which should find ways to rid America of uranium dependence. On October 15, 2019, the members of the group presented a report to the President, the essence of which was that without administrative restrictions on imports, the problem could not be solved.

The frustrated head of the White house sent experts to think for another month. However, the chances that a solution to the uranium issue will be found are close to zero.

Case history

The American nuclear complex faced problems in the eighties of the last century. For uranium enrichment in the United States historically used inefficient and expensive gas diffusion technology, while the Soviet Union was considered the world leader in methods of uranium enrichment in centrifuges. Suffice it to note that the Soviet version required 50 times less electricity than the American.

Therefore, immediately after the end of the cold war, the Americans began to buy Russian enriched uranium for their nuclear power plants — it cost them about 12 times cheaper than the domestic one. Deliveries of nuclear fuel to the United States were started by the Soviet “Techsnabexport ” in 1987 and subsequently constantly increased.

The surplus of Soviet low-enriched uranium quickly ran out, but thanks to the reduction of the Arsenal of nuclear weapons, Russia formed 500 tons of free weapons-grade (highly enriched) uranium extracted from dismantled nuclear munitions. The specialists of the two countries had the idea to “dilute” it, turning it into fuel for American nuclear power plants.

In 1994, the parties signed a contract under which Russia provided services to the United States to convert half a thousand tons of weapons-grade uranium into fuel for power plants (the corresponding technology was developed by specialists of the Ural electrochemical plant). In 2013, when all this volume was processed, the United States signed a new contract with Techsnabexport — now for the enrichment of American uranium in Russia.

However, there was a legal problem: the supply of natural uranium from the United States to Russia were prohibited by American laws. Washington officials found a brilliant solution: they organized the purchase by Rosatom of the canadian company Uranium One, which provided the bulk of natural uranium supplies to the United States from its mines in Australia, Canada, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Tanzania. As a result, Rosatom acquired not only a channel for trade in nuclear fuel with the United States, bypassing legal restrictions, but also a huge raw material base.

At the Ural electrochemical plant / UECC, Rosatom Novouralsk, Sverdlovsk region/ in 2013, the first unit of gas centrifuges of the ninth generation was put into operation
At the URAL ELECTROCHEMICAL PLANT / UECC, ROSATOM NOVOURALSK, SVERDLOVSK REGION/ IN 2013, the FIRST UNIT OF gas CENTRIFUGES of the NINTH GENERATION WAS put into OPERATION

Without options

U.S. energy companies, in turn, have saved billions of dollars by buying Russian uranium. But since the lion’s share of the needs of American nuclear power plants in uranium enrichment services provided “Techsnabexport”, the United States to date has almost lost competence in this area.

RUSSIA HAS A CONTROLLING STAKE IN NUCLEAR ENERGY

So the introduction of a minimum quota for the use of its own uranium will not in any way weaken the us dependence on Russia in the nuclear sphere: for services to enrich it, the Americans will still have to turn to Rosatom. And in itself, the increase in its own production looks problematic. And it’s not even about uranium mining.

Production is mainly conducted in Australia, Kazakhstan, Canada, there is still somewhere in Africa. There is like as and in China and Mongolia. And the prey can be made less harmful, that is, there would be a desire. Especially since uranium often comes with other valuable things, such as gold. But what stops the Americans is the cost of creating a whole system of processing uranium ore and enriching uranium (Yes, the notorious centrifuges!).

And yet, it is often said that the us uranium industry sits on the Russian “needle”, so, the concept of a needle here is quite real. In Russia, uranium is enriched in centrifuges — these are barrels 1.2 meters high. This centrifuge needs to be untwisted to a speed of 1200 revolutions per second (not per minute but per second). No bearings can withstand such speeds. Therefore, in the 40s, an ingenious solution was found, which is still used today — the rotor of a gas centrifuge used for uranium enrichment, rests on a corundum base with a thin needle. Therefore, the Soviet – Russian method of uranium enrichment is called “on the needle”.

The post USA ENERGY DEPENDENCE ON RUSSIAN URANIUM first appeared on Global Policy.